Number of locations Western United States Website The Hoedads Reforestation Cooperative (formally, Hoedads Cooperative Inc.) was a worker-owned and labor based in, United States. It was active throughout the American West from 1971 to 1994. For several years they were country's largest worker-owned cooperative.
They were noted for their success in applying the cooperative model successfully to treeplanting. They were also known for their experimentation with and early embrace of concepts such as, and alternative economics. The Hoedads took their name from their use of the ' (or 'hoedag'), a hand implement similar to a used to plant bare-root trees on steep slopes (Hartzell 1987: 29, 45-46). Origins The Hoedads were started by Jerry Rust (later a Commissioner) and John Sundquist. Rust had returned from a stint in India in the late 1960s and found work planting trees. Both Rust and Sundquist had a love of tree planting but realized that the economics of the industry favored those who organized work crews to bid on jobs with the government or forest owners, rather than merely laboring. They organized their first work unit in 1971, and successfully bid on projects, beginning with a subcontract in the Tiller District of the (Hartzell 1987).
The eventual success of the early Hoedads crew was such that by the late summer of 1973, the group was ready to expand. A meeting was called near Eugene, Oregon which attracted nearly 200 interested workers. Gary Rurkun, writing in the, explained how the coop expanded: 'A woodsy type character with a full beard, and huge build, and powerful voice called us all around him to chat.He and his friends standing next to him had planted trees as a cooperative crew for a few years already and had really enjoyed working together, unlike commercial tree planting operations with a crew boss and hourly wage workers. They went on to explain the advantages of a cooperative tree planting for making money as well as for our souls. 'But these boys didn't just want to enjoy their crew, being true new age entrepreneurs, they did not want to give the assembled crowd any work. They offered to get contracts for us, all of us, if we could organize ourselves into cohesive cooperative crews like their crew.They then went on to explain how to organize a crew, the necessity of some money, a crew crummy (the rig in which you ride to work), a treasurer, a crew ideology or by-laws, etc.
A lot of information was passed on how they intended for us to work together.' Economics The early success of the Hoedads mirrored a unique situation in both American society and in the forestry industry. Generations of clear cutting in the American West had left a huge unmet need for replanting. The, and large landowners, solicited bids to replant trees on a contract basis.
Thus work was readily available. The main barrier to entry was to organize a crew, and in many cases, to have land or assets available to pledge as collateral when bidding on a contract. Tree planting itself is hard work, however is not hard to learn and thus motivated crews could quickly be trained and put to work. The and movements of the era influenced the Hoedads heavily. There existed large numbers of able bodied young people interested in working the land in a cooperative fashion. Tree planting also lends itself to work in an egalitarian manner; the work is not complex and all planters on a crew can perform the same task.
Many Hoedads had educational backgrounds far beyond what is typical in the logging industry. For example, co-founder Jerry Rust mentioned his surprise upon realizing everyone in his crew had a college degree, and it was not uncommon for crews to have members with post-graduate degrees. Thus many crew members had aspirations beyond merely laboring and actively participated in building the cooperative structure of the Hoedads. However, this also led to a high turnover, as some members grew tired of the repetitive and backbreaking aspects of tree planting work and moved on to other endeavors after a year or two.
Cooperative structure The Hoedads' embrace of direct worker democracy led to some long debates and experiments in pay structure. One of the earliest debates was in how members should be paid — by the tree, as was common in the, or by the hour. Each work crew functioned independently and could set its own policy. Some crews paid by the tree, some by the hour, and some by some combination thereof.
Other crews chose 'equal pay for equal effort,' paying each planter an equal share of the revenue earned by the crew on any particular day. Environmentalism and feminism The Hoedads are credited as being the first group to challenge the notion of forestry work as an all-male domain and most Hoedads work crews included women. Some work crews even were all female.
End of the cooperative The Hoedads Reforestation Cooperative ended in 1994 or 1995. In some ways they were a victim of their own success: By the 1990s, growing environmental consciousness led to reduced. Fewer contracts for forest replanting were available. At the same time, a growing labor force of migrant Hispanic workers was available and many undocumented workers were willing to work for low wages on commercial tree planting crews. References. Roscoe Caron (Late Summer 2001). West by Northwest Online Magazine.
Retrieved September 13, 2009. Check date values in: date=.
Steve Nix (28 May 2008). ^ Lois Wadsworth (August 1, 2001). Retrieved November 8, 2017. Stuart Brand, ed.
The Next Whole Earth Catalog. Sausalito, CA: Point. Jeff Wright (July 30, 2001).
Retrieved October 3, 2009. Further reading. Hartzell, Hal Jr.
Birth of a Cooperative: Hoedads, Inc. A Worker Owned Forest Labor Co-op. Eugene, OR: Hulogos'i Communications. Heilman, Robert Leo (Autumn 2011). Eugene, OR: Hulogos'i Communications. (poetry) External links., website.
as told by Robert Hirning, YouTube.com. Oregon State University Extension, YouTube.com.
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Landowners needing help are encouraged to contact a qualified or other professional forester for advice. The is another tool for forest landowners and offers step–by–step directions to convert bare or recently logged lands to stands of healthy, “free to grow” trees. Find seedlings ODF strives to connect forest landowners with forest nurseries around the state through our annual publication. If your nursery can help Oregon’s family forest landowners with their tree planting projects and would like to be included in this publication, please contact the Salem Private Forests Division. Seedling nursery listings by region are also available for many forest tree species of interest.